A brain tumour is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain, which can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), doctors said on Thursday.
The doctors said these tumours can develop in different parts of the brain, affecting vital functions such as memory, movement and speech. They added that early detection and treatment are crucial in managing the disease effectively.
Dr Ashraf, an oncologist, said that although the exact cause of brain tumours is not always clear, several factors may contribute to their development.
He said genetic mutations, family history, radiation exposure, immune system disorders, along with environmental and lifestyle factors, are major contributors to brain tumours. “Changes in DNA can lead to uncontrolled cell growth in the brain, while long-term exposure to high doses of radiation—such as from radiation therapy or nuclear exposure—increases the likelihood of developing brain tumours,” Dr Ashraf said, adding that weakened immune systems, particularly in individuals with conditions like HIV/AIDS, can contribute to tumour formation.
Similarly, Dr Mehraj said brain tumours can have serious health consequences depending on their location, size, and type. “Tumours can put pressure on different brain regions, leading to memory loss, speech difficulties, vision problems, or paralysis. Many patients also experience seizures, which can be life-threatening,” he said.
Dr Mehraj added that brain tumours can cause persistent headaches, nausea, and vomiting and may affect cognitive function, leading to confusion, difficulty concentrating, and personality changes. “Depending on the tumour’s location, patients may suffer from weakness or loss of coordination in the limbs. In some cases, if left untreated, aggressive brain tumours can lead to coma and even death,” he said.
Doctors said that maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and antioxidants can help reduce the risk of tumours, while staying physically active supports overall brain health.
“Limiting exposure to unnecessary radiation, such as excessive CT scans or X-rays, can help prevent tumours,” they said, adding that although research is ongoing, reducing prolonged exposure to mobile phone radiation may be beneficial.
“Early detection through regular health screenings enables timely diagnosis and treatment of tumours. Additionally, reducing exposure to toxic chemicals and pollutants in the environment can lower cancer risks,” they added.
Doctors also warned that chronic stress and sleep deprivation can weaken the immune system, making the body more susceptible to diseases. They stressed that awareness and timely medical intervention remain crucial in managing brain tumours effectively—(KNO)
