A significant portion of Kashmir’s population remains unaware of neurodevelopmental conditions like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), leading to stigma, discrimination, and inadequate support, experts say.
Dr Nisar Ahmad, a psychologist, said that ASD affects individuals differently, with varying symptoms such as communication deficits, sensory sensitivities, and repetitive behaviours.
He said there is a need for a spectrum-based understanding rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. “Autism should not just be viewed through its challenges but also for the strengths it brings—like creativity, attention to detail, and problem-solving abilities,” he said, citing global figures like Albert Einstein and Bill Gates as examples.
However, awareness in Kashmir is still lacking, often leading to misconceptions and delayed interventions, Dr Nisar said, adding that many parents dismiss early signs, assuming children will “grow out of it”, which hampers proper management.
He stressed the importance of autism acceptance, noting that creating a supportive environment can transform lives.
Dr Nisar said patience, structured interventions and celebrating small achievements help autistic individuals thrive. “No two people with ASD are the same. The condition affects multiple areas of life, and individuals may have varying degrees of strengths and weaknesses. Despite these challenges, many people with autism lead fulfilling lives,” he added.
Dr Wani, another psychologist, said that diagnosing ASD involves comprehensive assessments by a range of professionals, including educators, parents, speech-language pathologists, occupational therapists, psychologists and medical practitioners.
He added that symptoms of autism include lack of response to their name, difficulty following gestures or multi-step instructions, absence of pretend play, limited use of communicative gestures, unusual speech patterns or tone and reduced efforts to seek attention
“ASD is a brain-based disorder that affects thinking, learning, sensory processing and social interactions. Communication between different areas of the brain is disrupted, impacting motor skills, executive functions, emotional regulation, and overall development,” he added.
Another psychologist Dr Chand Trehan said that children with autism may struggle with restlessness, sleep disturbances, speech delays, seizures and sensory overload, which can lead to meltdowns.
Dr Trehan stressed that parenting a child with autism can be demanding, often leading to stress, social stigmatization, sensory overload, and feelings of isolation. “Parents need support systems, guidance, and access to therapy to help their children navigate daily challenges,” she said.
“Despite the difficulties, early intervention and appropriate therapies can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD. Increased awareness and acceptance can help create a more inclusive society for autistic individuals and their families,” she added.
Experts urged society to challenge stereotypes, foster inclusion, and provide the necessary support to ensure autistic individuals reach their full potential—(KNO)
